The Dangers of Online Predators - 1426 Words

With this advance in technology, there has been a major increase of online predators. The internet has been one of the most important technological advancements in this century. The internet has allowed people from all over the world to communicate with family, friends, and strangers. But it has also caused major concern. With everyone communicating through online forums, social networks, and chat rooms, it is impossible to figure out who the people are talking to. With the internet, people are able to live multiple lives. Predators can create different identities, pick new names, lie about their age, and use another person’s picture as their own. By being well educated on this topic, perceptions will be changed by parents and children of how they use the internet. Even though there are many more outlets for online predators to get to who they want than there used to be, there are still a variety of red flags and signs that parents can see to immediately take action, and with that action will come trouble with law enforcement, the accused may face up to 30 years in prison. Also, educating the child and having open communication will help even further. There are also precautions regarding the parent that can help prevent it in the first place. Since technology is increasing so drastically and children are more readily able to access the internet at a much younger age, it is necessary to make online predation more known to parents, and they must be well versed inShow MoreRelatedSocial Sites: Virtual Playgrounds or Predatory Hunting Grounds956 Words   |  4 Pagesinternet has become a raving craze, but the debate of online safety measures necessary for children using social sites has become a hot topic of discussion. Social sites open the door to online interaction with friends, relatives, and classmates; but they also enhance the risk of interaction with online predators. Representative Michael Fitzpatrick, from Pennsylvania, is a sponsor of the Deleting Online Predators Act. He is an advocate for extreme online restrictions for children who use social-networkingRead MoreOnline Predators and the Need for Preventative Measures Essay example1103 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancing, online predators continue to become more successful in what they do. The internet is an ideal network for pedophiles to pursue their interests and fixations with young children. It enables them to locate and interact with adolescents more rapidly than ever before. Although the idea of pedophiles luring children in on the internet is a horrifying image, it is happening. It is through the internet’s easy accessibility that children continue to become vulnerable to these internet predators whileRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Improve Children s Communication1395 Words   |  6 Pages in order to create an account, through which the user can have access to millions of other profiles and their shared data. The personal information used to cre ate an account is not verified and could be effortlessly made-up, making it easy for predators to create profiles with bogus information and, allowing them to pose as someone else. Many parents consider that these social networking sites enhance their children’s communication skills and social connections, while serving as a form of entertainingRead MoreThe Dangers Our Children Face on the Internet Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pagesincreasing number of dangers on the Internet. Sexual predators, cyber bullying, and pornography are the most prevalent dangers our children face on the Internet; the best way to protect them is to be an involved and informed Parent. Sexual predators on the Internet are a topic that has received lots of attention from the media in recent years. Shows like Datelines: To Catch a Predator have highlighted the issue and shown that it can happen in even the smallest communities. For predators the Internet providesRead MoreThe Dangers of Social Media1290 Wo rds   |  5 PagesSocial Media is dangerous. Predators uses websites like social network, sexting, online gaming and chat rooms to harass and can lead to many dangerous situations. Many students send inappropriate pictures, videos of themselves to their friends and they send it to other friends. Anonymous people can see these pictures and send hurtful messages to teenagers. It could harm teenagers because students in school begins to call names and bully them which increases students to commit suicide. SuicideRead MoreAn Unsupervised Child On The Internet917 Words   |  4 Pagescomputer and I would go on it habitually, my parents never monitored what I was doing or who I was speaking to. Mainly because they didn’t know how, or they weren’t aware of the advances that technology brought into play. They weren’t aware of the dangers that could arise from leaving an unsupervised child on the internet. A large portion of parents fall into any of the following categories, they’re too busy to check their child’s internet usage, they don’t know how to check their child’s internetRead MoreTechnology Is A Wonderful And Ever Advancing Science That1731 Words   |  7 Pageshide activities from their parents. It has been found that 94% of parents talk to their children about what is appropriate for them to share online while 95% of them discuss what is appropriate for them to view online. A Pew Research Center survey of parents of 13-17 year olds found that today’s parents take a wide range of actions to monitor their teens’ online lives and to encourage their child to use technology in an appropriate and responsible manner. When it comes to monitoring their children’sRead MoreBenefits Of Internet Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesavoiding illiteracy. Not many studies have been done to prove how beneficial the internet can be or can be considered detrimental to them, but the use of technology can increase the concerns of online safety. It can cause all types online risks to young children such as cyberbullying and online predators by becoming harmful to them. Sometimes over using the internet as an outlet for everything can become a problem that is overused that usually leads into an addiction. Despite the amount of researchRead MoreShould Kids Be Allowed? The World Of Facebook?938 Words   |  4 Pagesinternet, the required age to be on Facebook should be sixteen because kids are immature and are more susceptible to predators when online. Children are not developed enough to handle the immediacy of social media. Young teens believe they can get away with bullying others online because of the â€Å"privacy† social media provides. Preteens don’t understand that once something is published online it never can be erased or deleted. Soon schoolyard taunts and squabbles turn into much bigger harassment cases withoutRead MoreOnline Dating - Breanna Social Media1598 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Dating - Breanna Social Media has become the new thing to be used for online dating. In this day and time, it is not uncommon to meet someone over the internet through various sites that have been created for the public to do just that, COMMUNICATE! Aside from meeting people on your normal sites like Facebook, Instagram, or Twitter, there are now special sites that have been around for some time now that are geared solely towards online dating. These sites have even went

Salvador Dali’ Essay - 1126 Words

Salvador Dali’ Domenech was born on May 11, 1904 in the small farming town of Figueres in the Catalonian region of Spain. It was here in the foothills of the Pyrenees where Dali spent his youth, that many of the ideas, inspirations, and images repeated in his paintings have their roots. As a young boy Dali attended the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid. At the academy Dali studied many different painting styles and became quite proficient at them. Many of his earlier works include impressionist, cubist, and realist techniques. As Dali matured, these interests were transformed into his own surrealistic style. The first recognition of Dali’s talents came with his first show held in Barcelona in 1925. He became known†¦show more content†¦Dali uses elements such as time and beauty to convey these thoughts. In the background is the rocky surface of Cape Creus, which shows up quite often in his work. Growing up in Catalonia, Dali loved the beautiful landscape and Cape C reus became one of his favorite places to paint. He uses it repeatedly in his works to show the beauty in the world and untouched nature. In the foreground are three melted watches Dali used to literally show the insignificance of time in his life. Also in the foreground, is a limbless self-portrait of Dali, himself melting along with the watches. In Dali’s own life, time had no significance. He spent his days eating, sleeping, painting, and whatever else he wanted to do. The days seemed to fly by without any real indication of having passed. The dead tree can be viewed in this same light. Time will pass on unnoticed and the life of the tree will have come and gone with new trees sprouting up to take its place. The same can be said for his own melting figure. His life will pass on, as cape creus and the ocean in the background stand still unaffected by him. His life is unimportant to the world, except to himself and those who know him. His use of line in this work is varied. In the watches and his figure, the lines flow simulating the movement of his life and time both passing through the world around him without any realShow MoreRelated Salvador Dali Essay540 Words   |  3 Pages Salvador Dali, the talented surrealist painter was born May 11, 1904 in Figueras, Spain. He was the second of three children in his family. His parents believed him to be the reincarnation of his older brother who had died just nine months before Salvador was born. Dali said later in life that he often felt like he and his dead brother were one when he painted. His parents were very indulgent through out his childhood, Dali often dressed up and pretended to be an emperor and rule his family. EvenRead MoreSalvador Dali Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pages–eater, these are some of the few words and phrases spoken about one of the greatest Surrealists to ever walk the face of the earth, Salvador Dali. He was a painter, sculptor, graph ic artist, and designer but is mainly know for his work in Surrealism. Throughout this speech we’ll learn about Dali’s art, how it changed the world, and how his life ends. I. Salvador Dali, the early years of Art. A. Where he Grew up 1. 1904 He was Born in Figueras, Spain 2. 1918 he had his first ExhibitionRead More Salvador Dali Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesSalvador Dali Salvador Dali, was born Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech at 8:45 a.m., Monday, 11 May 1904, in the small town, in the foothills of the Pyrenees, of Figueres, Spain, approximately sixteen miles from the French border in the principality of Catalonia. His parents supported his talent and built him his first studio, while he was still a child, in their summer home. Dali went on to attend the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid, Spain, was married to Gala Eluard inRead MoreEssay on Salvador Dali Museum1305 Words   |  6 PagesWord Count: 1283 Salvador Dali Museum The Salvador Dali museum was founded by Dali’s leading collectors, Reynolds and Eleanor Morse. They were not only friends of Dali but also private collectors of his work. The couple stored the collection in their home for a long period of time, the even agreed to loan two hundred pieces to a â€Å"New York Dali retrospective† before finally deciding to give the collection a permanent home. Dali encouraged the couple to build a museum in New York, although theyRead More Salvador Dali: Influences Essay616 Words   |  3 Pages Perhaps one of the worlds greatest artists is the Hispanic artist Salvador Dali. He won many awards and became very successful in his work as an artist. During his childhood and thereafter, during the Depression, Salvador Dalis artwork and personality were influenced by many different people and entities. Dalis personal life exhibited to his contemporaries and those who enjoyed his works after his lifetime the various influences that led to his artistry. During his childhood, his familyRead MoreEssay Salvador Dali, the Painter2092 Words   |  9 PagesSalvador Dali, the Painter 1904-1989 Salvador Dali was born on May 11, 1904 in Figueras, northern Catalonia, Spain. His father, Salvador Dali y Cusi, a state notary, was a dictatorial and passionate man. He was also fairly liberal minded, due to a short but intense period of renaissance, and he accepted his sons occupation as a painter without much resistance to the idea. Salvador Dali exhibited many signs of marginality throughout his early years. Once Dali decided to become a painter, heRead MoreEssay on Surrealism and Salvador Dali822 Words   |  4 PagesSurrealism and Salvador Dali Salvador Dali, was born Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dali i Domenech on Monday, 11 May 1904, in the small Spanish town of Figueres, in the foothills of the Pyrenees, approximately sixteen miles from the French border in a region known as Catalonia. His parents supported his talent and built him his first studio while he was still a child in their summer home at Cadaques. Dali went on to attend the San Fernando Academy of Fine Arts in Madrid, Spain. He was married toRead MoreEssay on Surrealism and Salvador Dali2128 Words   |  9 PagesSurrealism and Salvador Dali   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surrealism is defined as an art style developed in the 1920s in Europe, characterized by using the subconscious as a source of creativity to liberate pictorial subjects and ideas. Surrealist paintings often depict unexpected or irrational objects in an atmosphere or fantasy , creating a dreamlike scenario ( www.progressiveart.com 2004). The word Surrealism was created in 1917 by the writer Guillaune Apollinaire. He used it to describeRead More Sigmund Freuds Influence upon Salvador Dali Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesstands out: Salvador Dali. Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was first exposed to artists in 1916. Dali attended art classes held by academic artist Juan Nunez. In the early 1920’s, Dali drew inspiration from Cubism, and Metaphysical art, especially that of Juan Gris and Giorgio Chirico. By 1927, â€Å"Dali was to be visited by Spanish Surrealist painter Joan Miro (known for painting the subconscious experience) who would help him and advise him over the next few years†. (Bradbury, Essential Dali) Dali was inspiredRead MoreEssay about Metamorphosis Of Narcissus - Salvador Dali1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe painting Metamorphosis of Narcissus was created in 1937 by oil on canvas by Salvador Dali. This painting uses a lot of images to say what it means, for example, a person, a hand, water, a starving dog, a chess board, a canyon or cliff, and people. This is not to fill the paper or distract the viewer from the suggested meaning or point, but to support the idea that hope and despair are reflections of one another; on opposite sides of a coin, spinning in mid-air, waiting to land and fix

Unit 5 Quiz Free Essays

Student Gradebook Exam https://takeexam. next. ecollege. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 5 Quiz or any similar topic only for you Order Now com/(NEXT(3d4570aa34))/Main/Cours†¦ Grading Summary These are the automatically computed Date and Time Started: results of your exam. Grades for essay Time Spent: questions, and comments from your instructor, are in the â€Å"Details† section below. Points Received: Question Type: Multiple Choice # Of Questions: 10 10/31/2012 8:58:27 AM 38 min , 14 secs 10 / 20 (50%) # Correct: 5 Grade Details – All Questions 1. Question : Carlton Company sold equipment for $3,700 that originally cost $22,000. The balance of the Accumulated Depreciation account related to this equipment was $19,000. The entry to record the disposal of this equipment would include a debit to Loss on Sale of Equipment of $700. credit to Gain on Sale of Equipment of $700. credit to Equipment of $3,000. debit to Gain on Sale of Equipment of $700. 0 of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 2. Question : The premium on a two-year insurance policy expiring on June 30, 2015, was paid in total on July 1, 2013. The original payment was debited to the insurance expense account. The appropriate journal entry has been recorded on December 31, 2013. The balance in the prepaid asset account on December 31, 2013, should be the same as the original payment. igher than if the original payment had been initially debited to an asset account. lower than if the original payment had been initially debited to an asset account. the same as it would have been if the original payment had been initially debited to an asset account. 2 of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 3. Question : Student Answer: Failu re to record the expired amount of prepaid rent expense would not understate expense. overstate net income. overstate owners’ equity. understate liabilities. 2 of 2 Points Received: 1 of 3 11/7/2012 2:52 PM Student Gradebook Exam https://takeexam. next. ecollege. om/(NEXT(3d4570aa34))/Main/Cours†¦ Comments: 4. Question : The Supplies on Hand account balance at the beginning of the period was $6,600. Supplies totaling $12,825 were purchased during the period and debited to Supplies on Hand. A physical count shows $3,825 of Supplies on Hand at the end of the period. The proper journal entry at the end of the period debits Supplies on Hand and credits Supplies Expense for $9,000. debits Supplies Expense and credits Supplies on Hand for $12,825. debits Supplies on Hand and credits Supplies Expense for $15,600. debits Supplies Expense and credits Supplies on Hand for $15,600. of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 5. Question : Student Answer: An accrued expense can be described as an amount paid and matched with earnings for the current period. paid and not matched with earnings for the current period. not paid and not matched with earnings for the current period. not paid and matched with earnings for the current period. 2 of 2 Points Received: Comments: 6. Question : How would proceeds received in advance from the sale of nonrefundable tickets for the Super Bowl be reported in the seller’s financial statements published before the Super Bowl? Revenue for the entire proceeds. Read also Quiz Week 4 Revenue less related costs. Unearned revenue less related costs. Unearned revenue for the entire proceeds. 2 of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 7. Question : On June 30, a company paid $3,600 for insurance premiums for the current year and debited the amount to Prepaid Insurance. At December 31, the bookkeeper forgot to record the amount expired. The omission has the following effect on the financial statements prepared December 31: overstates owners’ equity. overstates assets. understates net income. overstates both owners’ equity and assets. Student Answer: 2 of 3 11/7/2012 2:52 PM Student Gradebook Exam ttps://takeexam. next. ecollege. com/(NEXT(3d4570aa34))/Main/Cours†¦ Points Received: Comments: 2 of 2 8. Question : Student Answer: Total net income over the life of an enterprise is higher under the cash basis than under the accrual basis. lower under the cash basis than under the accrual basis. the same under the cash basis as under the accrual ba sis. not susceptible to measurement. 0 of 2 Points Received: Comments: 9. Question : Sky Company collected $12,350 in interest during 2013. Sky showed $1,850 in interest receivable on its December 31, 2013, balance sheet and $5,300 on December 31, 2012. The interest revenue on the income statement for 2013 was $3,450. $8,900. $12,350. $14,200. 0 of 2 Student Answer: Points Received: Comments: 10. Question : Student Answer: If an expense has been incurred but not yet recorded, then the end-of-period adjusting entry would involve a liability account and an asset account. a liability account and a revenue account. a liability and an expense account. a receivable account and a revenue account. 0 of 2 Points Received: Comments: * Times are displayed in (GMT-07:00) Mountain Time (US Canada) 3 of 3 11/7/2012 2:52 PM How to cite Unit 5 Quiz, Essay examples

The SWOT Analysis of Asia Grand Restaurant in Singapore

Question: Conduct the SWOT Analysis for Asia Grand Restaurant in Singapore. Answer: The SWOT Analysis of Asia Grand Restaurant in Singapore is as follows: The Asia Grand Restaurant of Singapore has a large number of strengths on its side. The restaurant offers the most popular cuisines for the people of the country and is very popular in the region. It has an elaborate menu and a large number of excellent reviews online (Hungrygowhere Singapore, 2016). The restaurant has been termed as suitable for couples and families all. The restaurant has a long history of a good reputation among the citizens and some of its dishes are loved by the people. The restaurant is easily approachable by buses and MRT as well (NAH, 2016). Its position is pretty strategic and comfortable for the people to eat at. It has an excellent ambience and aura as well. It is among the very few restaurants that has the capability to accommodate a group of even 15 people on one single table. It is considered as the best place for petting duck. The Restaurant has very few weaknesses. However, it is understood that the restaurant is usually quite and does not pose much entertainment for its customers. It is a little expensive and a normal person might not be able to afford it largely. Asia Grand Restaurant has a wide number of opportunities set ahead of itself. The restaurant was initially placed in a big hotel but after that hotel was pulled down, the restaurant had been shifted to the Odeon Towers. The biggest opportunity for the restaurant is to increase the number of dishes, add music and other entertainment units if possible, add a website that gives a better insight into the functions and the capabilities of the restaurant and the get more reviews by the people. The Restaurant may also consider the provision of home delivery and a higher availability of services for customers. As of now, the operating hours of the restaurant are lower as compared to other restaurants. The biggest threats for the restaurant include the presence of some of the most popular restaurants in the same towers. The presence of other restaurants gives the lovers of Asian food a distraction and hence the customer base of the restaurant drops considerably. References: Hungrygowher Singapore (2016). Asia Grand Restaurant. Web. Nah, M. (2016). Asia Grand Restaurant Dinner - Odeon Tower, Singapore.

Luxembourg Essays (1014 words) - National Symbols Of Luxembourg

Luxembourg Location Luxembourg is located in Europe and is bordered by Belgium, Germany and France. On a map, it is located at 50 N latitude and 6 E longitude. Luxembourg is very small. It is only 998 square miles, which is roughly the size of Orange County, California. All the country is inhabited, with most people living in the southern part. The Flag The flag of Luxembourg was adopted in 1845. The colors come from the Coat of Arms of Luxembourg and are red, white and blue. The flag is simply three horizontal stripes from top to bottom. The Land and People Luxembourg has two distinct regions. The Ardennes, or northern region, is mountainous. The Bon Pays, or southern region, is mostly fertile farmland. The climate is cool and moist, with snow in the mountains. There are rich deposits of iron ore creating many jobs in the steel industry. There is also fertile farmland to the south, also creating many jobs in farming. The people of Luxembourg have no native costume. They borrow much of their cultur e from Belgium, Germany, and France. Today, modern Luxembourgers dress like other Europeans. The people of Luxembourg like to eat smoked pork and beans, and sometimes saurkraut. Smoked ham is available all year round, and pastries are a Luxembourg favorite. Some of these pastries include rolls, muffins, cupcakes, and a special dry cake translated "Random Thoughts". Luxembourg makes beer and wine which is sold there and in other nearby countries. The buildings in Luxembourg vary from place to place. Some villages have charming old houses hundreds of years old, though in the cities there are many modern apartment and office buildings. For recreation, a Luxembourger might ride a bike, or hike in the countryside. A favorite sport of the people is volleyball. For transportaion they have railroads and highways for cars and buses. There are bike trails and hiking paths as well. Luxembourg doesn't have a culture all its own, because it ties in with its neighboring countries, Belgium, German y, and France. The natural resources of Luxembourg are: iron ore, which is processed into steel, farm products such as wheat, corn and livestock, and grapes which are grown for winemaking. Technology The main industries of Luxembourg are steel and winemaking. Farming is also an important industry, especially with such crops as corn, wheat and livestock. The steel is exported and crops are exported, as well as used in Luxembourg. Also the wine made in Luxembourg is exported and sold there. Culture There is a lot of culture in Luxembourg. There are many art galleries featuring work from the expressionist painter, Joseph Kutter, and also that of Edward Steichen, a well known photographer. Both of these artists are from Luxembourg. The cathedrals are examples of some of the beautiful architecture found in Luxembourg. In the villages, there are buildings dating back to the 1100's, 1300's, 1700's, as well as the early 1900's. A trip through the villages is like taking a trip through time because of these old homes that are still lived in. As far as music, every village, suburb and town has at least a band, orchestra or choral group. Luxembourgers love parades, and have them often. Every parade has at least half a dozen bands. Their enjoyment of music is so great, that at the end of every summer, Luxembourg has a music competition that involves the whole country. Government The government of Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy. The grand duke or duchess serves as monarch and chief executive. The monarchy is a hereditary office, and the sixty-four member parliament, called the Chamber of Deputies, makes the laws. The monarch appoints the prime minister and all of the ten Cabinet ministers to carry out government operations. The twenty-one member advisory body, or the Council of State, are appointed for life. The local government is carried out by dividing Luxembourg into districts, which are headed by the commissioner. The districts are divided into cantons, and these are divided into communes, which are headed by elected officials. The monarch presently in charge is Grand Duke Jean, who has been in power since 1964. Jacques Santer has been the Premier of Luxembourg since 1984. The monarch's term

101 Lesson and Quoting Professor Ramos Blog

101 Lesson and Quoting Quick Write Quick Write What should the reader take away after reading your narrative? Why is it important? Why does it matter? So What? Making the Point Clear An important aspect of writing is making sure that your point is clear. Even in these narratives where we are exploring ourselves. You want the reader to know the lesson or point you learned from reflecting and writing. Here are some questions to consider when concluding your narrative: What did you learn about diversity? How have others helped you? What should the reader take away after reading this? Why does this matter? The narrative helps us to understand how diversity affects us. Make sure the lesson or point is clear to your reader. We are going to publish this online for the benefit of others. Think about your audience and how you can help them to learn something from your experience. The Other Side is Not Dumb We read  SEAN BLANDA, â€Å"The â€Å"Other Side† Is Not Dumb†Ã‚  p.212 for today. Take two minutes and write down what stood out to you. Look for a quote that you find interesting or important. We should all enter every issue with the very real possibility that  we might be wrong this time. . . Isn’t it possible that we’re not right about everything? That those who live in places not where you live, watch shows that you don’t watch, and read books that you don’t read, have opinions and belief systems just as valid as yours? That maybe you don’t see the entire picture? The Art of Quoting Chapter 3, introduces us to the art of quoting. It warns that quoting too little or too much can hurt an argument. It is very important to frame all quotations. According to the book, what is the purpose of a citation? When is the use of a citation appropriate? The article warns about quoting too little or quoting too much. Do not assume the quotations speak for themselves. Two key ways to integrate quotations that you need to keep in mind. Choose quotations wisely Surround quotations in a frame, Quotation Sandwich Quotation Sandwich Introduce the quotation p. 46 Quote, relevant Explain Quotation p. 47 Claims China  is the largest nation in the world. A McDonald’s  Big Mac ®Ã‚  has 550 calories. Why do these need support? Where can you find it? Practice Use a quote from the article in a quotation sandwich.

Financial Services - Personal Financial Planning Essay

Financial Services - Personal Financial Planning - Essay Example The importance of financial planning, which is not just comprised of saving is also discussed. This paper aims to give some recommendations in order to gain the incentives of having a financial plan without being penalized by the government through its policies. It may be true that the state punishes those who save. Accordingly, there can be three most identifiable government policies that discourage savings: taxation on savings and capital; low interest rates in risk-free financial instruments; and social security and other government programs that substitute savings—the major argument of the above statement. Taxation on savings and capital. One government policy is to make provision for taxes. Taxes and government spending are part of the fiscal policy. Because taxes are included in savings account for every interest received by an investor or depositor, the taxes serve as a disincentive to save, at least in the risk-free securities in the market. Low interest rates: less incentive for delaying consumption due to inflation. Low interest rates in banks, which sometimes result in very low real rate after deducting inflation, give consumers very little incentive to save. Due to the time value of money, consumers might as well save as their dollars are worth more for the current, than delay consumption because the reward is not huge enough for them to be compensated. Social Security and other government programs substitute savings. With more government programs that are available to the public that substitute the role of savings, the public does not find any other reason to save behind such safety net. The prevalence of these programs that are part of the policies of the government, seem to be enough for the public which does not give additional incentive to save. While people are discouraged by the government to save through its various policies that penalizes the savers, the future’s uncertainty is the major motivation behind all personal

Critical Analysis of Two Short Stories Walkers Everyday Use and Strong Essay

Critical Analysis of Two Short Stories Walkers Everyday Use and Strong Horse Tea - Essay Example â€Å"Strong Horse Tea† is a story revolving around Rannie Toomer, a single black mother of a baby boy named Snooks. She struggles to keep herself composed in the most difficult of situations which primarily involves the health of her son who is extremely ill but, no doctor would attend to his needs. She patiently waits for any kind of help from the doctors and refuses all sorts of home remedies or magic to heal her son because she does not believe in such notions proposed by her neighbor. She ignores the fact that the doctors are not willing to give her an appointment because of her color and, this represents her strength of self-worthiness and her capability of rising above the mundane. Hence, when Sarah, an old black woman, attempts to convince Rannie of using home remedies to heal her son, she blatantly declines her offer. Rannie remains fearless and independent with regard to her decision for seeking help from the modern facilities in the midst of the traditional methods her black community still revered. To split away from her own tradition was a courageous move she taken by Rannie. In the story â€Å"Everyday Use†, the situation is more or less the same but, what Mama’s eldest child Dee undergoes is a rebellious identity crisis. She is sent away from home for educational purposes but she realizes how little she knows about her own heritage. She renames herself Wangero which is an African name. She believes in a new optimistic, Americanized world for the blacks, which is not her fault. She was sent away from home and indirectly away from her own tradition. This, however, was not Mama’s intention. She sent her away so that she could receive the best education and also because Mama feared that she and Maggie would not be able to tolerate each other. When she arrives home on vacation she accompanies a boyfriend Hakim who

Product Liability and Intentional Tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Liability and Intentional Tort - Essay Example The rationale for placing high liability on the sellers and manufacturers regardless of the nature of defect is that such parties are better placed to bear the cost implications of compensation. In this case, it is argued that product manufacturers and sellers can cushion themselves against losses resulting from product defects by increasing the product’s prices. Due to lack of a federal law governing product liability, the precedence for liability torts is derived from various state laws and court rulings on the general tort law. The admissibility of Chase’s case for product liability can be established by examining the threshold requirements for product liability cases and relevant court rulings. According to the Indiana Law Review, the following mandatory threshold requirements exist for a case to qualify for product liability; a product’s user/claimant who is subject to injury by the product, product’s manufacturer or seller/defendant, faulty product t hat is considered as unreasonably dangerous to the consumer or consumer’s property, a product reaching the consumer without alteration to its initial state and physical harm resulting from the product (Buttrick, Alberts and Thornburg, 2011:1378). Irrespective of the relevant product liability theories involved in the case, Chase’s case should meet the above criteria to qualify for admissibility (Buttrick, Alberts and Thornburg, 2011:1378). An examination of the theories upon which the product liability law is based provides insight to this hypothetical scenario. Under the theory of negligence, the manufacturer of the paper shredding machine is not liable for Chase’s injuries since there was no negligence on the manufacturer’s part or failure to remove foreseeable risk of injury to the machine’s user (Buttrick, Alberts and Thornburg, 2011:1382). In this case, the injuries incurred were as a result of negligence by the user arising from failure to re ad and adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions. However, the machine’s manufacturer can be held liable for Chase’s injury on the basis of the duty to warn the user against a foreseeable risk of injury by the machine (Buttrick, Alberts and Thornburg, 2011:1383). The manufacturer’s liability to provide warning to the user and whether the operation instructions were sufficient to protect Chase from injuries can be established by examining other factors like the value of the warning. In this case, the manufacturer of the paper shredding machine had the duty to provide adequate warning regarding the dangers of personal harm incase the machine is operated without lubricating oil. Under negligence rule, Chase should prove that the injuries sustained occurred despite having observed the necessary duty of care (Fischer, 2009:7). Product liability requires the injured party; Chase to demonstrate the harm-causation relationship and whether there was any breach of duty if there was any negligence by the manufacturer (Fischer, 2009:7). Though there was concrete harm on the part of Chase and the nature of causation passes the necessary â€Å"but-for† test which seeks to establish whether the harm would have otherwise occurred, the burden of proof for the manufacturer’s failure to observe the necessary duty of care lies with Chase. In this case, it is less likely for Chase to be compensated by the paper shreddi

Distinct Serum Protein Pattern in Paranoid Schizophrena

Distinct Serum Protein Pattern in Paranoid Schizophrena A DISTINCT SERUM PROTEIN PATTERN IN PATIENTS WITH PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA[A1] N. A. Timofeyeva1,3, I. V. Alekseeva1,3, S. A. Ivanova2,4, G. G. Simutkin2, A. V. Semke2, I. S. Losenkov2, N. A. Bokhan2, O. S. Fedorova1,3, A. A. Chernonosov1,3* 1 Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia 2 Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia 3 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia       4 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia ABSTRACT The proteomic approach, namely, a combination of 2D gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, is a powerful tool that allows researchers to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in disease states. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness, whose aetiology is still unclear; therefore, information about differences in serum protein patterns may improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to use the proteomic approach to identify altered protein levels in the serum samples from patients with schizophrenia. For this study, blood was collected from 10 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 10 healthy volunteers. We uncovered major changes in the expression of such proteins as apolipoproteins of classes A4 and C3, transthyretin (TTR), and serum amyloid A1. Furthermore, an increase in expression was found only for apolipoprotein A4, whereas the expression of apolipoprotein C3, TTR, and serum amyloid A1 was decreased. The observed differences in the expression of serum proteins (TTR and serum amyloid) are in good agreement with the results obtained by other research groups during analyses of cerebrospinal fluid or post-mortem brain tissues by other methods. Keywords: psychiatric disorder, schizophrenia, [A2]  proteomics, 2D electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, biomarker, serum. Introduction Although in recent years, great progress has been made in reducing mortality and in the treatment of common illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, the mortality caused by mental disorders remains unchanged [1]. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness, whose aetiology is still unclear. Schizophrenia is characterised by hallucinations, delusions (positive psychotic symptoms), affective problems [A3](negative psychotic symptoms), and cognitive dysfunction [2]. A number of hypotheses have been proposed about the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, for example, aberrations [A4]  in the pathways of transmission of neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin [3, 4] or pathological changes in embryonic neurogenesis owing to variations in gene neuregulin-1 [5], as well as oxidative-stress-mediated cell damage due to lowered levels of antioxidant defence enzymes in patients with schizophrenia[A5] [6]. Such pathogenesis may be caused by a dysfunction of some enzymes (proteins) as well as changes of their quantity in the blood of these patients. At the same time, there is no information about differences in serum protein patterns that can be used for typing of psychopathologies among individuals at risk of developing psychiatric disorders [7]. Diagnosis and nosology rely on symptoms and accumulated clinical observations, and thus far, have been based mostly on interviews with patients and on patients subjective complaints [8]. Moreover, current medications still have substantial adverse effects and/or require weeks for therapeutic effects to manifest themselves; not all patients respond to current pharmacotherapy [9]. In sum, an insufficient understanding of psychiatric disorders at the molecular level and the lack of disease-specific changes in serum protein patterns prevent optimisation of diagnosis and treatment of such complex psychiatric disorders as schizophrenia  [A6]. The proteomic approach, namely, the combination of 2D gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), allows researchers to reliably identify proteins isolated from human bodily fluids [10, 11]. Our exploratory study [12] showed that 2D gel electrophoresis is suitable for isolation of proteins from blood of patients with mental disorders. Therefore  [A7], in the present work, clinical blood samples from patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were tested to identify quantitative differences in the proteomic profile of serum. Results and Discussion In this study, we examined blood serum of healthy people and patients with paranoid schizophrenia to search for quantitative and/or qualitative differences in proteins associated with this mental disorder. The use of 2D gel electrophoresis enables researchers to simultaneously isolate more than 300 protein spots on one gel containing 150  µg of protein for subsequent MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis [10, 11]. We analysed differences in serum protein patterns by comparing the gels between the patients and healthy controls. The analysis [A8]  of protein patterns in serum was focused on those protein spots that differed in 2D gels between the patients and healthy controls. Such protein spots were analysed by means of the Gel-Pro Analyzer software and normalised to the sum of three proteins (a, b, Ñ ; for details, see Materials and Methods). These three proteins are isoforms of apolipoprotein L (ApoL) [18]. As a result, 15 protein spots were isolated and identified by peptide mass fin gerprinting and MS/MS analysis. The list of proteins identified in the NCBI database is shown in table [A9]1. Some proteins haptoglobin, transthyretin (TTR), and apolipoprotein C3 shown in table 1 are present in more than one spot on a gel and have different pI values. Perhaps this phenomenon is due to various post-translational modifications or partial processing. It was found that only the serum level of ApoA4 was increased (1.8-fold) as compared to the control group (figure 1a). Our findings support other [A10]  reports on altered protein levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in schizophrenia [19, 20].   Ã‚   The decrease in the serum concentration relative to the control group was observed for ApoC3 and for ApoC2 in patients with schizophrenia (figure 1b). This downregulation was on average from 1.8- to 3-fold for ApoC3, and smaller for ApoC2: only 1.25-fold. These proteins are synthesised in the liver and are components of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs). Apolipoprotein C2 activates extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase, whereas apolipoprotein C3 can inhibit lipoprotein lipase Fig. 1 Examples of proteins with differential expression in human serum are presented in the enlarged sections of the 2DE profile. a) Apo A4; b) Apo C3 and C2; c) serum amyloid A1; d) transthyretin (the protein is present in two spots because of post-translational modifications). Sch: schizophrenia. and activate LCAT [21, 22]. Previously, it was found that the expression of apolipoproteins is altered in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychiatric disorders [23]. The authors found that low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and VLDLs are the most prominent factors differentiating depressed patients from healthy controls, and that plasma unsaturated lipid concentrations are elevated in the depressed group. Thus, there is growing evidence that deregulated lipid homeostasis may play a common role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Other proteins with a decreased concentration are serum amyloid A1 and TTR (figure 1c and 1d). Inflammatory amyloid A1 is among the so-called acute phase proteins, which have both direct and indirect bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic properties. According to the classical theory of inflammation, in the acute phase of inflammation, the serum concentration of amyloid A1 increases 100- to 1000-fold [24], whereas in our study, we observed a 2.3-fold decrease in the serum concentration of this protein in patients with schizophrenia. Perhaps this result  [A11] is due to decreased immunity in Table 1. The list of proteins from human serum analysed by 2DE and identified by MALDI-MS/MS after in-gel digestion with trypsin. Protein NCBI database no. Protein ID pI MW (kDa) Score (individuals/ significant) Fold Change (+/-)* Sch vs control 1 gi157831596 ÃŽÂ ±2-antitrypsin 5.37 44.3 48/45 -1.32  ± 0.2 2 gi338305 SP 40 5.74 36.7 17/10 -1.31  ± 0.09 3 gi3337390 Haptoglobin 6.14 38.2 35/29 +1.22  ± 0.13 4 gi114318993 Transthyretin (dimer) 5.16 20.2 120/84 -1.68  ± 0.25 5 gi11957960 Apolipoprotein A4 5.28 28.9 43/32 +1.84  ± 0.16 6 gi223976 Haptoglobin hp2ÃŽÂ ± 6.23 41.7 39/20 -1.38  ± 0.17 7 gi296653 Haptoglobin hp2ÃŽÂ ± 6.23 41.5 18/10 -1.42  ± 0.11 8 gi296653 Haptoglobin hp2ÃŽÂ ± 6.25 41.5 39/15 -1.56  ± 0.24 9 gi4507725 Transthyretin 5.52 15.9 75/52 -1.06  ± 0.13 10 gi4507725 Transthyretin 5.52 15.9 65/60 -1.45  ± 0.23 11 gi4557323 Apolipoprotein C3 5.23 10.8 112/70 -1.85  ± 0.21 12 gi4557323 Apolipoprotein C3 5.23 10.8 115/68 -3.28  ± 0.16 13 gi4557323 Apolipoprotein C2 5.42 11.2 104/78 -1.25  ± 0.08 14 gi40316910 Serum amyloid A1 6.28 13.5 134/90 -2.34  ± 0.09 15 gi19626079 Albumin fragment 6.20 22.4 56/40 -2.06  ± 0.32 The fold change is equal to SPi/SPcontrol, where i is the identification number of a spot. Symbols - and + mean a decrease and increase, respectively. Sch: schizophrenia. patients with psychiatric disorders or to the presence of comorbidities. In addition, [A12]  it is possible that a decrease in serum amyloid A1 concentration is related to downregulation of antioxidant-defence enzymes in patients with schizophrenia [6] because high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) inhibit oxidative modification of LDLs via the activity of their associated enzymes and apolipoproteins [25]. If HDLs become so-called dysfunctional HDLs because of accumulation of oxidants derived from an inflammatory reaction, such HDLs inhibit the HDL-associated antioxidant enzymes and reduce the ability of apolipoproteins A1 to promote ABCA-1-mediated cholesterol efflux [25]. In the literature, there are data on a strong positive relation between cholesterol levels and pathophysiological features of mood disorders. The link between mental health (brain) and cholesterol is believed to be based on hypothetical neuron-associated mechanisms. Cholesterol is an integral component of the plasma m embrane of neurons and is present in myelin. Furthermore, cholesterol performs crucial functions in the development, stability, and workings of the synapse [26]. Overall, aberrations in cholesterol in a psychiatric illness may substantially affect the mood via synaptic stability and lowered serotonergic activity. In the case of TTR, we observed a decrease in the serum concentration of its dimer and one of monomeric forms (protein 10 in Table 1) among the patients with schizophrenia (~1.7-fold and ~1.5-fold, respectively), whereas the serum level of another TTR monomeric form was found to be unchanged relative to the control group (protein 9 in Table 1). TTR is a liver-derived secretory protein and is the major serum carrier of thyroid hormones: thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine. TTR is also involved in the transport of retinol via an interaction with retinol-binding proteins. Several studies were conducted in an attempt to identify disease biomarkers that could advance the understanding of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In some of these studies, a link between TTR and schizophrenia was found [27, 28]. In ref. [28], it was estimated that 3% of TTR in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid [A13]  and 10% of TTR in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid are derived from blood. To assess the involvement of blood TTR in the changes observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia, those authors also studied serum TTR levels in the same people (simultaneously with cerebrospinal fluid collection) by an ELISA. They observed a significant moderate decrease in TTR concentration in serum samples of patients with schizophrenia compared to co ntrols. Nevertheless, there was no association between cerebrospinal-fluid and serum TTR levels in the same individuals, indicating that the protein levels of TTR are regulated by different systems in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion In the present study, we identified differentially expressed proteins in the serum from patients with schizophrenia by proteomic analysis. We showed differential expression of such proteins as TTR, serum amyloid A1, and apolipoproteins of classes A4 and C3. Furthermore the increase in the expression was found only for apolipoprotein A4, whereas the expression of apolipoprotein C3, TTR, and serum amyloid A1 was decreased. Such alterations of the expression of these proteins may indicate problems with regulation, for example, in the synthesis. On the other hand, the altered protein expression may simply reflect the pathophysiological status of patients with schizophrenia, where these proteins could be candidates for biomarkers.   Nevertheless, to confirm the significance of the altered levels of these proteins in the pathogenesis [A14]  of schizophrenia, and to determine their suitability as biomarkers of schizophrenia, further research is needed. Competing interests. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the contents of this article. Funding. This research was made possible in part by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (14-15-00480, with the exception of the work corresponding to MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis) and Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations (the part of work corresponding to MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis). References Kessler RC, Demler O, Frank RG, Olfson M. 2005 Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders 1990 to 2003. N. Engl. J. Med. 352, 2515-2523. J. van Os, S. Kapur Schizophrenia. Lancet (Lond. Engl.), 374 (2009), pp. 635-645 H. Moore, A.R. West, A.A. Grace. The regulation of forebrain dopamine transmission: relevance to the pathophysiology and psychopathology of schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry, 46 (1999), pp. 40-55. M.A. Geyer, F.X. Vollenweider. Serotonin research: contributions to understanding psychoses. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 29 (2008), pp. 445-453. E. Bramon, E. Dempster, S. Frangou, M. Shaikh, M. Walshe, F.M. Filbey, C. McDonald, P. Sham, D.A. Collier, R. Murray. Neuregulin-1 and the P300 waveform-a preliminary association study using a psychosis endophenotype. Schizophr. Res., 103 (2008), pp. 178-185 P.K. Ranjekar, A. Hinge, M.V. Hegde, M. Ghate, A. Kale, S. Sitasawad, U.V. Wagh, V.B. Debsikdar, S.P. Mahadik. Decreased antioxidant enzymes and membrane essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenic and bipolar mood disorder patients. Psychiatry Res., 121 (2003), pp. 109-122. Ivanova SA, Fedorenko OYu, Smirnova LP, Semke AV. 2013 Biomarker discovery and development of pharmacogenetic approaches to personalized therapy of patients with schizophrenia. Siberian vestnik of psychiatry and narcology. 12-16. Turck CW, Maccarrone G, Sayan-Ayata E, Jacob AM. 2005 The quest for brain disorder biomarkers. J. Med. Invest. 52, 231-235. Bystritsky A. 2006 Treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Mol. Psychiatry. 11, 805-814. Davalieva K, Kostovska IM, Dwork AJ. 2016 Proteomic research in schizophrenia. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 16, (doi: 10.3389). Guest PC, Guest FL, Martins-de Souza D. 2016 Making sence of blood-based proteomics and metabolomics in psychiatric research. Int.J. of Neuropsychopharmacology. 719-728. Alekseeva IV, Timofeeva NA, Chernonosov AA, Ivanova SA, Bokhan NA, Fedorova OS. 2013 Use of two-dimensional electrophoresis for proteomic studies of serum from patients with mental disorders. Vestnik of Novosibirsk State University. Series: Biology, Clinical Medicine. 11, 56-60. PeÃ…Â ¡iĆ¡ I, Dihazi GH, Mà ¼ller GA, Jahn O, Hoffmann M, Eltoweissy M, Koziolek M, Dihazi H. 2011 Short-term increase of glucose concentration in PDS results in extensive removal and high glycation level of vital proteins during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 26, 2674-83. Giuliano S, Agresta AM, De Palma A, Viglio S, Mauri P, Fumagalli M, et al. 2014 Proteomic Analysis of Lymphoblastoid Cells from Nasu-Hakola Patients: A Step Forward in Our Understanding of This Neurodegenerative Disorder. PLoS ONE. 9(12): e110073. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110073). Candiano G, Bruschi M, Musante L, Santucci L, Ghiggeri GM. 2004 Blue silver: a very sensitive colloidal Coomassie G-250 staining for proteome analysis. Electrophoresis. 25, 1327-1333. Brauner JM, Groemer TW, Stroebel A, Grosse-Holz S, Oberstein T, Wiltfang J, Kornhuber J, Maler JM. 2014 Spot quantification in two dimensional gel electrophoresis image analysis: comparison of different approaches and presentation of a novel compound fitting algorithm. BMC Bioinformatics. 15, 181-193. Perkins DN, Pappin DJ, Creasy DM, Cottrell JS. 1999 Probability-based protein identification by searching sequence databases using mass spectrometry data. Electrophoresis. 20, 3551-3567. Lepedda AJ, Nieddu G, Zinellu E, De Muro P, Piredda F, Guarino A, Spirito R, Carta F, Turrini F, Formato M. 2013 Proteomic analysis of plasma-purified VLDL, LDL, and HDL fractions from atherosclerotic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: identification of serum amyloid A as a potential marker. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2013, 1-11. Aphkhazava D, Nieves E, Callaway M, Olszewski W, Rotzschke O, Santambrogio L. 2013 Protein expression profiles of human lymph and plasma mapped by 2D-DIGE and 1D SDS-PAGE coupled with nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS bottom-up proteomics. J Proteomics. 78, 172-187. Wan CLa Y, Zhu H, Jiang L, Chen Y, Feng G, Li H, Sang H, Hao X, Zhang G, He L. 2007 Abnormal changes of plasma acute phase proteins in schizophrenia and the relation between schizophrenia and haptoglobin (Hp) gene.Amino Acids Amino Acids 1, 101-108. Eckel RH. 1989 Lipoprotein lipase: a multifunctional enzyme relevant to common metabolic diseases. N.Eng.J.Med. 320, 1060-1068. Wang HEckel RH. 2009 Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to obesity. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 297, 271-288. Zheng P, Gao HC, Li Q, Shao WH, Zhang ML, Cheng K, Yang de Y, Fan SH, Chen L, Fang L, Xie P. 2012 Plasma metabonomics as a novel diagnostic approach for major depressive disorder. J. Proteome Res. 11, 1741-8. doi: 10.1021/pr2010082. Baumann  H. 1994 The acute phase response. J. Gauldie: Immunologie Today. 2, 74-80. Vohnout, B., de Gaetano, G., Donati, M. B. and Iacoviello, L. (2011) The Relationship between Dyslipidemia and Inflammation, in Nutritional and Metabolic Bases of Cardiovascular Disease (eds M. Mancini, J. M. Ordovas, G. Riccardi, P. Rubba and P. Strazzullo), Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK. doi: 10.1002/9781444318456.ch26 Chattopadhyay A, Paila YD. 2007 Lipid-protein interactions, regulation and dysfunction of brain cholesterol. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 16, 627-33. Wan C, Yang Y, Li H, La Y, Zhu H, Jiang L, Chen Y, Feng G, He L. 2006 Dysregulation of retinoid transporters expression in body fluids of schizophrenia patients. J. Proteome Res. 5, 3213-3216. Huang JT, Leweke FM, Oxley D, Wang L, Harris N, Koethe D, Gerth CW, Nolden BM, Gross S, Schreiber D, Reed B, Bahn S. 2006 Disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with first-onset psychosis. PLoS Med. 3, (e428). [A1]Dear Author, Please dont forget to update the title in all supporting documents and correspondence. It often happens that after the language editing, coauthors make additions to the manuscript; also, some of the corrections are rejected. As a result, the manuscript that is submitted to the journal may contain 5-10 new errors. My advice is to send me the manuscript for a quick check on the day of the submission to the journal. I can use the automatic compare documents function of Word to find all new changes and to correct them quickly. I will also issue a certificate after this final check, and you can insert the sentence (optional) The English language was corrected and certified by shevchuk-editing.com. into Acknowledgments. [A2]Please do not include keywords that other researchers are unlikely to use when searching for articles. [A3]Affective disorders are depression and bipolar disorder. [A4]Please be careful with the words abnormal and abnormality when referring to a persons health status because they may be insulting to patients. [A5]Please note that this is a more polite form. [A6]Please avoid creating unusual abbreviations and single-word abbreviations because they make a text harder to read (well-known abbreviations such as DNA and official gene symbols are OK). The only valid reason for creating an abbreviation is the following: a long multiword expression (4 or more long words) that occurs more than 4 times in the text. Even in this case, it is better to avoid abbreviating. It is easy to write in abbreviations but it is difficult to decipher such a text. [A7]Please avoid creating long sentences because they are hard to read. [A8]Please note that the word study usually means the whole manuscript. [A9]The typical format is Table [A10]Please keep in mind that the word previous is redundant in this context because all published studies are previous. It is OK to say previous when you discuss your own earlier studies. [A11]Please dont use the words which or this as a substitute for the whole sentence or a statement. This usage is vague and confusing because some people will think that this or which refers to the last word, not the whole statement. Therefore, it is better to use a descriptive phrase instead. [A12]Its not a good idea to start a sentence with such words as and, but, also, or, so in a formal text. [A13]Please dont create abbreviations at the end of the article, after the full form was already used many times. [A14]= mechanism

Ancient Babylonia :: World History

Ancient Babylonia When studying Ancient Babylonia it is notably important to look at these factors: daily life, religion, people, society, government and economy so we can determine the development of the civilization and how it is similar to the way we live today. The Babylonian Empire is unique because their government was run by a law known as the Code of Hammurabi similarly are government is run by numerous laws. Their knowledge of science and astrology is intriguing due to the fact that they were the first civilization to form the basis of the sixteen month of thirty days calendar, their discovery of the calendar lend us to the calendars we have today. In addition to government, science and astrology their economy was very modern and played an immense part in their daily life. The way the Babylonians lived life is identical to the way we live our life today. In today's society we are governed and protected by laws, well we can say the same about Ancient Babylonia their society was governed and protected by the Code of Hammurabi(1750). The Code of Hammurabi main purposes were " to make justice visible in the land, to destroy the wicked person and the evil doer, so that the strong might not injure the weak". Our legal system is somewhat like this in terms of we sentence and enforce punishments on the criminals to protect other innocent citizens. Just like are prime minister, the Babylonian king Hammurabi wished to secure a uniform pattern of justice throughout his land, to certify that everyone was well aware of punishments and rules before breaking or committing them. The most well known term to describe this law is " an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth". This quote indicated that the punishment suited the crime. The Babylonian civilization was considerably keen on science, mathematics and astrology. They were apprehensive in the cause of medicine an example of this is their belief that sin was the cause of a patient's illness. Here is an old Babylonian proverb that says " an infection without a doctor is like hunger without food". What this is saying is they depended on doctors to suit their needs just as we depend on food to suit hunger. This describes perfectly what the Ancient Babylonian civilization was like, they depended on doctors and herbal medicine just as we do today.

“All the Years of Her Life” and “The Gentlemen of Rio en Medio” Essay

The thing about synonyms is that even though they though they might seem like they are the same thing, if put in a different context they can mean something completely different. It’s interesting how two characters with very similar traits, goals and morals can be so different when placed in different stories, like when you switch a word for its supposed â€Å"synonym†. Don Anselmo and Mrs. Higgins are two very similar people. Both are traditional, respected, a little on the old-fashioned side and good at being seen as proud and confident. But it’s their greatest linking factor, their love for their families and communities, which divides them. Don Anselmo is a proud, traditional and very well respected man who has kept up the tradition of planting a tree for every child in the village to the point where a â€Å"gnarled but beautiful† orchard had become a part of his property. And when he is confronted with the request to ask the children to refrain from playing in the orchard, he explains that it is not his choice nor his place, as â€Å"the trees do not belong to him†. To him, nothing is more important than respecting the honor of his family. And to him, every child in that village whether they’re related to him or not, is his family. On the other hand, Mrs. Higgins has too close of an association with her son to the point where she sees his problems as hers. She has a proud and confident facade that hides a spirit broken by reasons that are out of her control. She appears to blame herself for her son’s inability to keep a steady job and lead a good life. Like Don Anselmo she closely identifies herself with her family that in her case seems to have an ill effect on her lifestyle. â€Å"You’ve disgraced me again and again,† she told Albert as they left the pharmacy. She feels as if her son’s shenanigans are her fault and this causes her spirit to crumble. This isn’t the first time that her family has failed her, which in her eyes translates into failing as a mother. So as you can see, both characters have almost identical personality building blocks. On one hand, Don Anselmo has used his love and respect for family to create a bond between him and his village that lead to a tight knit  community. And on the other, Mrs. Higgins chose to use her tolerance and pride to create a poisonous relationship between her son’s lifestyle and her happiness.

King William II of England - William Rufus

King William II of England - William Rufus William II was also known as: Wlliam Rufus, the Red (in French, Guillaume Le Roux), though he may not have been known by this name during his lifetime. He was also identified by the nickname Longsword, given to him in childhood. William II was known for: His violent rule and his suspicious death. Williams forceful tactics earned him a reputation for cruelty and led to extreme dissatisfaction among the nobility. This has caused some scholars to theorize that he was assassinated.   Occupations: KingMilitary Leader Places of Residence and Influence: Britain: EnglandFrance Important Dates: Born: c. 1056Crowned King of England: Sept. 26, 1087Died: Aug. 2, 1100 About William II: A younger son of William the Conqueror, upon his fathers death William II inherited the crown of England while his elder brother Robert received Normandy. This caused immediate turbulence among those who thought it best that the Conquerors territory remain united under one rule. However, William was able to crush the rebellion of those seeking to put Robert in charge. Several years later, he had to put down a revolt by English noblemen. William also had trouble with the clergy, most especially Anselm, who he appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, and earned the enmity of Anselms supporters, some of whom later wrote chronicles casting the king in a bad light. In any case he was much more interested in military matters than clerical issues, and saw successes in Scotland, Wales and, eventually, Normandy.   In spite of the friction William seemed to spark throughout his reign, he managed to keep the political ties between England and Normandy strong. Unfortunately for him, he was killed in a hunting accident when he was only in his 40s. Although theories still circulate that he was murdered by his younger brother, who followed him to the throne as Henry I, there is no strong evidence to support this hypothesis, which on close inspection seems fairly unlikely. For more about the life and reign of William II, see his Concise Biography. More William II Resources: Concise Biography of William IIDynastic Table: Monarchs of England William II​ in Print The links below will take you to an online bookstore, where you can find more information about the book to help you get it from your local library. This is provided as a convenience to you; neither Melissa Snell nor About is responsible for any purchases you make through these links. William Rufus(English Monarchs)by Frank BarlowKing Rufus: The Life and Mysterious Death of William II of Englandby Emma MasonThe Killing of William Rufus: An Investigation in the New Forestby Duncan Grinnell-MilneThe Normans: The History of a Dynastyby David Crouch William II on the Web William IIBrief but informative bio from   The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia at Infoplease. Whos Who Directories: Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2014 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission, please visit Abouts Reprint Permissions page. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/wwho/fl/William-II.htm

Change Your Life Forever by Spending 1 Hour a Day Doing These 5 Things

Change Your Life Forever by Spending 1 Hour a Day Doing These 5 Things Most people  only spend 8 hours per day at work. If you work 5  days a week, that’s 40 hours. Even if your job is super intense and you’re working 60-80 hour weeks, you still have hours and hours of time to yourself. Okay, you have to spend a lot of that sleeping- that’s important. But in the hours of leisure time left to you, there are things you could be doing to vastly improve your future. Rather than just blowing all those hours on happy hours and Netflix, why not try spending an hour a day doing these 5 things and see what happens? 1. Make your evenings matterDon’t just rely on your working hours to gain skills and knowledge and make your career magic happen. Try doing a little bit each day off the clock that will help you advance in your career, not just get your daily job tasks done. Take online classes, develop new skills, practice and master old ones. Keep pushing yourself to learn more and do more and you’ll be amazed at how much faste r you advance at work.2. Read moreIt almost doesn’t matter what you’re reading. Keeping the habit, taking in knowledge, considering other points of view- all of this makes you more interesting and interested in the world around you. One hour spent learning about a new topic makes you that much closer to being respected by your boss and peers as â€Å"in the know.† Plus, the benefits to your general knowledge and vocabulary will be palpable.3. Side projectsIf your company won’t give you the opportunity to take your new skills and interests for a test spin, try volunteering. Find a way to have practical expression of what you’re learning so it can really start to translate into workable results. If nothing else, these side hobbies and projects will help keep you feeling fulfilled.4. Build your networkEven if you just spend 10 minutes a day maintaining your contacts, reach out, participate in conversations on social media or LinkedIn, and pursue new o nes. You’ll start to see a major difference and that work will really pay off when you need to rely on your network to change jobs or take your career to the next level.5. Start nowDon’t start this next week- or after the holidays. Start tonight. Don’t put off what can become such an ingrained habit that you hardly realize it is a chore you’ve set yourself.If you can get to the point where you are doing these 5 things naturally? You’ll be well on your way to actualizing your success.

Current Event 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Event 2 - Essay Example The health risks increase as we move from lower-risk drinking to higher-risk drinking. Health problems caused as a result of drinking can vary from behavioral issues like depression, argumentation, and irritation to physical issues like sexual problems and liver damage. I consent with the author that the risks posed to health and relationships by the alcohol increase with the volume of alcohol that is consumed. There have to be different recommended levels for men and women considering their biological differences and their bodies’ reaction and response to alcohol. Although the article contains detailed information about what level of alcohol consumption makes an individual a lower-risk drinker, an increasing-risk drinker, or a higher-risk drinker, yet it does not say anything about the risks associated with switching from a lower-risk to a higher-risk or an increasing-risk drinker. I find this article very informative since now I know, what the recommended level of alcohol consumption for me is. However, since the author says that it cannot be said with utmost objectivity that one would only experience the said health risks with the consumption of a certain level of alcohol, it is better to consume no alcohol at all. I find that the safest and thus would not consume any alcohol at all. For the most part, the information contained in the article supports what we have read in the course. The author of the article says, â€Å"Theres no guaranteed safe level of drinking† (â€Å"The risks of†), and our textbook also declares alcohol as the most problematic substance that is consumed in our society (193). The article declares it a dangerous practice to be drunk even mildly before swimming or driving whereas the textbook gives alarming statistics of the number of students that lose their lives because of drinking every year by indulging in the same or similar practices. However, the textbook is

Effects of social media on juveniles and how that impact has changed Essay

Effects of social media on juveniles and how that impact has changed the way bullying is addressed - Essay Example Others are sentiments that are meant to bring someone down. This is the most modern way of bullying called cyber-bullying. Other social media that are equally to blame are television stations that air programs which bear characters with intimidating traits especially in a school setting where kids will use such people as their role models and may want to imitate them. These behaviors will then be taken to school and they will be portrayed as some violence and rude action at cafeteria, in the field and even in the hostels. Hence it has become a big problem (Roberts & Springer, 2007). To control bullying, all the people that mingle with juveniles must be involved .These include parents, teachers and the community as a whole. The three parties are supposed to take actions in these environments by fostering positive traits that build resilience and that promotes healthy development of successful learning. Teachers are supposed to punish or correct any form of bullying noted in school and the culprit reported to parents immediately before the bully becomes self-absorbed and like the attention. And become unbearable. This is the only long term solution to addressing bullying and other risky childhood behaviors (Hinduja & Patchin,

Fina 307 assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fina 307 assignment 2 - Essay Example These offer many range of credit, banking and investment products and services to customers. The clients have been empowered to have access to a franchise network that stretches coast to coast through 32 states and the District of Columbia. Consumer Real Estate Services on the other hand provides real estate products to its customers. Consumer Real Estate Services products include fixed and adjustable mortgage services for loans and residential acquisition. The Global Banking services are intended to provide a range of lending-related products and services, integrated working capital management and treasury solutions to clients, and underwriting and advisory services through the Corporation’s network of offices and client relationship teams along with various product partners. Global Banking’s lending products and services include commercial loans, leases, commitment facilities, trade finance, real estate lending, asset-based lending and direct/indirect consumer loans. Global Markets offers sales and trading services, including research, to institutional clients across fixed income, credit, currency, and commodity and equity businesses. Global Markets product coverage includes securities and derivative products in both the primary and secondary markets. Global Markets provides market-making, financing, securities clearing, settlement and custody services globally to institutional investor clients in support of their investing and trading activities. The global wealth and investment management allows for the provision of a comprehensive wealth management solutions to many of its customers. These services include investment and brokerage services, estate and financial planning, fiduciary portfolio management, cash and liability management, and specia lty asset management. The study carried out a comprehensive statistical analysis of returns of shares of a bank of America

Analyse the dramatic Essay Example for Free

Analyse the dramatic Essay Analyse the dramatic importance of the end of act one of  A View from the Bridge  Aurther Miller is play writer of A View from the Bridge who uses a range of technique to illustrate the importance of the play, such as stage directions and language.  At the end of act 1, Miller creates an atmosphere that Alfieri is weak where he says I was so powerless indicating that even a lawyer who should be confident on what to do, was clueless. Further to this there is a suspense tension on what will happen next, where Alfieri visits an old lady to question about the fate of Eddie Carbone. The last statement of Alfieri after his discussion with the lady ends with, And so I waited here which gives a sense to the audience that Alfieri himself fears that a disaster will happen and so we are curious and anxious to find out.  In the next part of the extract, it opens up as they are a big ecstatic family, as normally Catherine boosts about Rodolfo about what he did. They went to Africa once. On a fishing boat (Eddie Glances at her) its true Eddie representing Eddie doesnt really want to know what they did. As the family talk about what the 2 submarines, Rodolfo doest want to contribute in the conversation therefore he sits near Catherine while she is reading a magazine On stage while they were Talking about fishing boats Eddie especially concentrates on what Marco says and replies back to him in a very quick speed, Marco: sardines. Eddie: sure. (laughing) how are you gonna catch sardines on a hook? Seeing that the 2 boys were having an argument. Beatrice steps in and tries to change the subject.  The mood and atmosphere is very cheerful as Catherine goes on about Rodolfos adventure. Eddie then jokes about that they paint oranges to make them look like oranges Marco then reacts to eddies joke thinking that he is telling the truth. Rodolfo is helping his brother by changing the subject lemons are green there becomes a conflict between Rodolfo and Eddie .he therefore reveals his ignorance for Christ sake

Style Mirrored in the theme of As I Lay Dying :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Style Mirrored in the theme of As I Lay Dying William Faulkner in his book As I Lay Dying communicates the central theme of Independence to show his style of writing; Point of view. In As I lay Dying the theme is independence; of the family, of each character. Each of the characters independence is devised of their isolation and their individuality. In each characters chapter its their points of view, either if they are reliable or not, he shows what they are and converts it through the characters words and then to us. There are three passages in sequential order which show true isolation through their points of view are; Cora, Addie, Whitfield. These three characters have conflicts relation to one another, but each of their chapters they inform us more, while the other characters are oblivious to what really happened. In the chapter of Cora (the wife of Tull, a religious woman in the area, who disapproves of Addie) she spends the finals hours of Addie’s life with her. There was a flashback to when they were having a conversation of religion, how Addie was judging rather then leaving it up to God. Addie was vain and proud of it, and she realized that Jewel was her favorite and most appreciative. That Jewel is her God â€Å"He is my cross and he will be my salvation.† Cora is independent to this family; she has nothing in common but their location. They Bundren family is not religious compared to Cora, Cora seems as a missionary trying to convert this family into believers. But even thought The Cora and the family don’t see eye-to-eye, she thinks that she needs to be there to explain religion.

Fall of Rome :: Ancient Rome Roman History

Fall of Rome Essay: Why was it possible for Rome to become an empire and last so long. What were the reasons for it's fall? Rome was one of the greatest empires of the ancient world. The early Roman state was founded in 509 B.C. after the Romans drove out the hated Etruscan king. By this time Rome had already grown from a cluster of small villages to a small city. Little did the settlers know that this was the beginning of one of the greatest and largest empires ever known. After Rome established itself, they were determined to never again be ruled by a monarch. The Roman setup a new government called a republic. Romans thought a republic would keep any individuals from gaining too much power. Later Romans looked back with enormous pride on the achievements of the early republic. Between 509 B.C. and 133 B.C., Rome adapted the government to fit the need of the people it served. It also developed the military power to not only conqueror not only Italy, but also the entire Mediterranean world. In the early republic power was controlled by the patricians, the land holding upper class. Senators, who served for life, interpreted laws and issued decrees. In the event of a war the senate might elect a dictator who ruled for only six months in time of emergency. Julius Caesar emerged. He was able commander who led many conquests for Rome. In 59 B.C. Caesar set out for a new conquest. After nine years of constant fighting, he finally conquered Gaul. Pompey grew jealous of his achievement and had the senate order him to disband his forces and return to Rome. Caesar secretly crossed the Rubicon and killed Pompey then entered Rome. After crushing many rebellions, Caesar forced the senate to make him a dictator. Caesar launched many reforms such as public work programs and giving land to the poor. According to legend those in the senate murdered Caesar on March 15. Caesar's Grandnephew, Octavian, and Marc Anthony joined forces to capture his killers. However bitter feuds grew it soon became a battle for power. After the Pax Romana ended, the next 100 years were in political turmoil. In one 50-year period, at least 26 emperors reigned and only one died of natural causes. At the same time high taxes used to support the armies began to anger the people. During this Germanic tribes were attacking the outskirts of the Roman Empire.

Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Food Products Essay

British scientific researchers demonstrated that genetically modified DNA from crops can find its way into human gut bacteria, raising possible health concerns. This is because antibiotic-resistant marker genes are inserted with GM material, which could cause a person to be resistant to antibiotic medicines. The study was conducted at Newcastle University on seven human volunteers who, in the past, had their lower intestine removed and now use colostomy bags. After eating a burger containing GM soy, researchers compared their stools with 12 people with normal stomachs. They found â€Å"to their surprise† that â€Å"a relatively large proportion of genetically modified DNA survived the passage through the small bowel. † None was found in people who had complete stomachs. To see if GM DNA might be be transferred via bacteria to the intestine, they also took bacteria from stools in the colostomy bags and cultivated them. In three of the seven samples they found bacteria had taken up the herbicide-resistant gene from the GM food at a very low level. Michael Antonio, a senior lecturer in molecular genetics at King`s College Medical School, London, said that the work was significant because the researchers demonstrated that you can get GM plant DNA in the gut bacteria, which was previously considered to be not possible. Antonio said the research suggests that antibiotic marker genes could spread around the stomach and compromise antibiotic resistance. If this were to happen, a person could be immune to beneficial antiobiotic medicines. Marker genes are inserted into GM plants to allow identification of GM cells or tissue during development. The House of Lords has called for them to be phased out as swiftly as possible. The research was conducted at the request of the UK’s Food Standards Agency, which released a statement saying the research, â€Å"concluded that the likelihood of functioning DNA being taken up by bacteria in the human or animal gut is extremely low. † * Genetically modified foods may gain undesirable properties. * The preservation of genetic variety in one specie is difficult. The technology make farmer to produce only one type fertile plants. * The technology may cause undesirable degeneration. So, surprisingly, low quality products may be obtained. * Genetically modified foods may change the microbial flora of the soil. It may cause deperdition of essential microorganisms on soil. This ruin natural balance. * When genetically altered microorganisms are consumed with food products, they may consolidate with human or animal organism. His combination may cause deperdition, metamorphosis, or any other strange organisms. * If the foods which were made antibiotic resistant by gene technology are consumed, it may give the same property to human. This cause failure of antibiotic-based treatments. * By this technology transferred genes may contaminate to other organisms undesirably. This may cause biologic disaster. * As a ring of nature chain, insects may be influenced by genetically modified foods and insects can develop resistant mechanism. * Even beneficial foods that carry toxic effect genes can cause human illness. * There is a risk of formation one kind of flora. * Other organisms in the same medium may be influenced by genetically modified foods. Video Transcription. This transcription will have some mistakes because it is partially automated. Hey guys! This is Heather from HealthyEatingStartsHere. com. Today I wanted to talk to you about the disadvantages of genetically modified food. I do mention genetic modification every so often and to be on the lookout for it and that’s one of the reasons why I buy organic foods. And whenever I mentioned I always got a lot of question what it is? Why is it bad? All that kind of stuff! So first of all let’s look out what exactly it is. Genetic modification is when a scientist, genetic engineer goes into the actual DNA of a seed and changes something about the DNA. What it is depends on what they are trying to do. Often in food crops what they’re doing is they’re slicing in a little bit of some other species of plant or animal into the seed for certain traits that they want that plant to have. So if you are a vegan and you’re concern about animal rights and the use of animal products in your food, you wanna be really careful about genetically modified food because they might have some animal genes place in. And that involves not only the animal gene but obviously they are taking it from somewhere so there is some kind of animal experimentation going on. Aside from that, another thing that often comes up in question of what’s the difference between genetic modification and hybridization? Because people have been making hybrids for a long time, is that bad? Well, the difference is with hybrid foods what they’re doing is that they are taking two plants and they’re putting them together, kind of like mating them and producing a slightly different second generation off spring. So, it’s different because they’re not going actually on the actual DNA of the seeds and changing things mechanically. They are cross breeding and hybridization have been going on for a long long time since the beginning of agriculture really and genetic modification is very very new. It only started being experimented with in the late 1980’s and then it’s only been on the commercial scale since the late 1990’s. So not a lot of time they have been gathering data on what the long term effects are and that is one of the main disadvantages that people talk about with genetic modification. Today I want to focus more on the positive and look at what can we come up with as better solutions to whatever it is that people are trying to which are like genetic modification. If you want to read more about the disadvantages, I did write about them in my blogs, you can check that out at HealthyEatingstartsHere. com but again let’s take a look on the positive. The benefits that people are going for in genetic modification, one of the first one is the resistant to pesticides and herbicides. What happens there is well let’s take the biggest example which is Roundup ready crops. Roundup is a chemical that is a herbicides so it kills plants. You probably heard of it, people use it on their lawn, stuff like that and basically just wipes everything out. And what’s the company that produces Roundup called Monsanto wants to do is allow farmers to go out and spray field of crops and have Roundup kill all of the weeds that they don’t want but leave the crops growing. So what they do is they go onto the seeds of these major crops and changed it so that Roundup does not kill them. So that’s one of the biggest and first uses of genetic modification and the solution there if you look at organic food production, the bases behind the whole process is about making plants healthy, making the soil healthy first so that it grows healthy plants and those healthy plants won’t have diseases won’t get pests and will grow in healthy soil and the weeds won’t even be a problem. So it eliminates the need for these Roundup ready crops, I mean it’s more complex than that but that’s the – the basic idea is let’s look at what we want and create that rather than taking how things are and kind of putting a band aid on it and trying to make it better. So you can read a little more about this over at my blog, go check that out but I wanna hear from you guys. Leave me a comment and let me know what you think about genetically modified foods. And whether you think there are some major disadvantages, whether you think they’re important, what you think are some good solutions that would be really awesome thing hear from you guys, what you think some better ways of doing things would be so let me know and I’ll see you guys next time. < p>Hey guys! This is Heather from HealthyEatingStartsHere. com. Today I wanted to talk to you about the disadvantages of genetically modified food. I do mention genetic modification every so often and to be on the lookout for it and that’s one of the reasons why I buy organic foods. And whenever I mentioned I always got a lot of question what it is? Why is it bad? All that kind of stuff!   first of all let’s look out what exactly it is. Genetic modification is when a scientist, genetic engineer goes into the actual DNA of a seed and changes something about the DNA. What it is depends on what they are trying to do. Often in food crops what they’re doing is they’re slicing in a little bit of some other species of plant or animal into the seed for certain traits that they want that plant to have. So if you are a vegan and you’re concern about animal rights and the use of animal products in your food, you wanna be really careful about genetically modified food because they might have some animal genes place in. And that involves not only the animal gene but obviously they are taking it from somewhere so there is some kind of animal experimentation going on. Aside from that, another thing that often comes up in question of what’s the difference between genetic modification and hybridization? Because people have been making hybrids for a long time, is that bad? Well, the difference is with hybrid foods what they’re doing is that they are taking two plants and they’re putting them together, kind of like mating them and producing a slightly different second generation off spring. So, it’s different because they’re not going actually on the actual DNA of the seeds and changing things mechanically. They are cross breeding and hybridization have been going on for a long long time since the beginning of agriculture really and genetic modification is very very new. It only started being experimented with in the late 1980’s and then it’s only been on the commercial scale since the late 1990’s. So not a lot of time they have been gathering data on what the long term effects are and that is one of the main disadvantages that people talk about with genetic modification. Today I want to focus more on the positive and look at what can we come up with as better solutions to whatever it is that people are trying to which are like genetic modification. If you want to read more about the disadvantages, I did write about them in my blogs, you can check that out at HealthyEatingstartsHere. com but again let’s take a look on the positive. The benefits that people are going for in genetic modification, one of the first one is the resistant to pesticides and herbicides. What happens there is well let’s take the biggest example which is Roundup ready crops. Roundup is a chemical that is a herbicides so it kills plants. You probably heard of it, people use it on their lawn, stuff like that and basically just wipes everything out. < p>And what’s the company that produces Roundup called Monsanto wants to do is allow farmers to go out and spray field of crops and have Roundup kill all of the weeds that they don’t want but leave the crops growing. So what they do is they go onto the seeds of these major crops and changed it so that Roundup does not kill them. So that’s one of the biggest and first uses of genetic modification and the solution there if you look at organic food production, the bases behind the whole process is about making plants healthy, making the soil healthy first so that it grows healthy plants and those healthy plants won’t have diseases won’t get pests and will grow in healthy soil and the weeds won’t even be a problem. So it eliminates the need for these Roundup ready crops, I mean it’s more complex than that but that’s the – the basic idea is let’s look at what we want and create that rather than taking how things are and kind of putting a band aid on it and trying to make it better. So you can read a little more about this over at my blog, go check that out but I wanna hear from you guys. Leave me a comment and let me know what you think about genetically modified foods. And whether you think there are some major disadvantages, whether you think they’re important, what you think are some good solutions that would be really awesome thing hear from you guys, what you think some better ways of doing things would be so let me know and I’ll see you guys next time. A lot of people aren’t clear on what exactly genetically modified food is. Very simply, it’s food that’s been changed on a genetic level through genetic engineering. The process usually involves splicing in a gene from a different species of plant or animal to take advantage of certain traits. Hybridization causes some confusion here, since it’s also a way of breeding plants (or animals) for certain traits. The difference is that hybrid food is created through cross-breeding two plants into a second generation. Genetic modification is done directly in the DNA of a seed. The main benefits producers are going for in genetically modifying food plants is a resistance to pesticides and herbicides, better tolerance of extreme weather conditions (like drought), longer shelf lives, and an increase of certain nutrients (like vitamin A-infused rice). That all sounds good on paper, but there are some serious disadvantages of genetically modified food. The most blatant one is that this GM seeds are already in widespread use in the industrial agriculture food chain without having had long-term testing. They only started small scale experiments in the late 1980’s, and large scale operations started in the late 1990’s. The future effects on our health, our environment and the sustainability of our food crops aren’t easy to predict in the best of times, but GM foods and crops throw a real curveball in the mix. Because they are a fundamentally new organism, there’s a lot of speculation that GM foods are treated as allergens – foreign invaders – by our bodies. There’s also the potential of splicing in a gene that is a natural allergen. The disadvantages of genetically modified food don’t stop at health and environmental concerns. There are some serious social justice issues, where farmers in developing nations (and even those in rich countries) are generating massive profits for large corporations without any gains for themselves. In fact, lots of farmers in India kill themselves because they just can’t see a way out of the downward spiral of paying for seeds that require paying for pesticides and fertilizers and machinery, then paying for more seeds and now having to pay for irrigation systems because their land is drying out†¦ Now, that’s just a quick overview of the disadvantages of genetically modified food. I don’t really like to dwell too long on the negative side of things, but sometimes it’s important to know why you don’t do certain things. What I much prefer looking at is the positive side of what you can do instead. If you look at the benefits of GM crops, there isn’t a need to use genetic modification to get them. Organic methods of growing food are about making plants optimally healthy, so that they don’t need pesticides, fertilizers or herbicides. Growing healthy plants from healthy soil also makes for higher nutrient levels, and getting a variety of healthy foods is a better way of getting nutrients than protein-enhanced sweet potatoes or vitamin A-enhanced rice. Growing food in polycultures (lots of different types of plants together) rather than massive monocultures (like the enormous fields of corn or soy beans you see all over North America), and using different varieties of plants brings biodiversity that can better withstand extreme environmental conditions. It’s like building diversity in your investment portfolio – having a wide variety of stocks helps lessen the impact of one or a few companies crashing. Local food systems make shelf life less of an issue. Besides, do you really want to eat rice that could last for a few years? When the farmers are the ones who are starving, there is something seriously wrong in our food supply chain. My main question is this: If there are so many unknowns and disadvantages of genetically modified food, why don’t we put our efforts into better solutions – ones that address the root of the issues? The best way to avoid the disadvantages of genetically modified food is to grow your own – and if you don’t have space or time for a vegetable garden, a jar of sprouts on the windowsill is still awesome. If you need pointers, you can watch me show just how easy it is to grow alfalfa sprouts at home. Want to know it? Answers to life’s questions Want to know it? This blog has a little bit of everything to challenge your mind and find answers to life’s questions. Home Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Food By: Want To Know It Photo Credit wheat field image by Soja Andrzej from Fotolia. com Genetic engineering has been practiced in the form of selective breeding throughout the history of agriculture. However, the discovery in 1953 of the structure of DNA gave scientists the ability to insert genes from one life form into those of a completely separate life form, thus arriving at the modern genetic engineering movement. Genetic engineering is fraught with controversy regarding its ethical and moral implications and health effects. Cancer Genetically modified foods share certain toxic effects on the liver, pancreas, kidneys and reproductive system that may cause cancer in these organs, according to a Greek study published in the February 2009 â€Å"Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. † The widespread use of recombinant growth hormone — a genetically modified substance — in the agricultural industry is associated with increases in IGF-1, a growth hormone that, in excess quantities, can lead to cancer. Sponsored Links Humanization Special Rapid, Powerful, Full length IgG Short time only End-of-Year Pricing www. BioAtla. com Allergy Allergic reactions to genetically modified foods may arise due to the presence of proteins derived from the plant or animal used to modify the food, according to a U. S. study published in the July 2009 â€Å"Toxicological Sciences. † Current safety standards involve evaluation of the foreign proteins for allergenic potential, and a database of known allergenic proteins has been compiled, along with computer programs for assessing potential allergenicity of proteins. Additionally, animal and non-animal testing methods are being developed to assist in the process of screening for allergenicity. Intestinal Immunity Genetically modified corn caused an immune reaction in mice in an Italian study published in the December 2008 â€Å"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. † Mice fed genetically modified corn for 30 days showed altered levels of white blood cells; interleukins, a category of protein molecules that regulate immune function; and MIP-1beta, a chemical produced by certain white blood cells that initiates inflammation. The researchers noted that young and old mice were similarly affected by the modified corn. Endometriosis Rising rates of endometriosis coincide with increased consumption of genetically modified foods over the last decade, according to a Canadian report published in the December 2010 â€Å"Gynecology, Obstetrics and Fertility. † The presence of pesticide residue and foreign proteins in genetically modified foods may be the culprit, say the authors, citing the â€Å"low-dose hypothesis† that accumulation of toxins, along with added chemicals for the stabilization and delivery of pesticides designed for use with genetically modified foods, multiply the risk factors and could be harmful for their immune-toxic effects and ability to disrupt the endocrine system. Read more: http://www. livestrong. com/article/345554-disadvantages-of-genetically-modified-food/#ixzz2G2YGRNlT. Genetically modified food has been on the market since the early 90’s and since that time has attracted both positive and negative attention. Many people believe genetically modified food to be unsafe for human consumption and a hazard to the natural environment. There have been numerous studies undertaken to determine the risks involved with genetically engineering foods. As yet no set conclusions have been reached about the risk involved with genetically engineered food and strict guidelines have been established to regulate the genetically modified foods that can be sold to the consumer. What is Genetically Modified Food? Genetically modified food is food that has been altered at the DNA level. This is done by very precise genetic engineering techniques developed by scientists. In general the aim of genetically modifying food is simple, either to make the food more marketable or make it easier to produce. Most food that is genetically modified are plant products or vegetables such as soybeans, corn and tomatoes. The genetic modification of crops happened prior to scientific engineering via breeding and cross pollination. This method is still used to create crops that are more resistant to pests or to produce plants that yield bigger harvests. Scientific genetic engineering allows for a specific gene to be taken from one organism and transplanted into another. The gene responsible for making a plant resistant to pests can be quickly and efficiently transplanted into another plant allowing it to gain this resistant property. Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Food. †¢ There have been numerous criticisms leveled at genetically modified produce and it is important that we as the consumer are informed about the possible drawbacks of a product. †¢ Changing plants may have lasting effects on other organisms in the ecosystem. The change in a plant may cause it to be toxic to an insect or animal that uses it as its main food source. †¢ Due to the widespread use of insect resistant genes in crops the insects may become resistant to the genetic modifications. This would cause a widespread loss of crops and plants that have the natural immunity leading to a loss in biodiversity. †¢ Breeding and cross pollination across unintended species could occur resulting in things such as insect resistant weeds. †¢ Cross pollination can also occur across crops that are not genetically modified leading to lawsuits about who owns the GM technology and seed. The same thing can happen between organic crops and genetically modified crops making it difficult to maintain an organic status. †¢ A huge concern is that genetic modification could cause allergies in humans due to gene modification of plants. People may find that they are now allergic to other food products – people because they contain a gene from the allergen they have. One example is the use of a Brazilian nut gene in corn. †¢ Some studies have shown that it may affect the human digestive system in a number of ways. The incorporation of substances that may interact badly with one another in food or in fact be poisonous to people may happen. The modification of certain genes may make some plant substances difficult to digest at all. †¢ A major economical concern is that the control of world food sources may be limited to large companies because they own the GM seeds and have the money to start and finish the accreditation process. †¢ Genetic modification can also make it difficult to know what you are eating, as a plant could contain animals products via genetic engineering. This could cause issues for those with dietary restrictions and religious commitments. Related Articles.